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Homebrew Mini-Computer |
armandoacostawong@gmail.com |
The table below summarizes the Heritage/1 instructions set. The following convention have been adopted to define mnemonics:
The 'i' suffix (as in mvi) indicates immediate addressing
The 'x' suffix (as in ldx) indicates indirect addressing.
The 'r' suffix (as in jnzr) indicates relative addressing (only used in branch instructions).
The 'm' suffix (as in incm) indicates multiple (increment/decrement multiple registers)
The 'd' suffix (as in addd) indicates direct addressing but is not always used.
No suffix indicates register addressing (as in add) except for branch instructions that indicates direct addressing (as in jp).
# REG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mov r1, r2 1 5 zn-- r1=r2 mvi r, value 2 8 zn-- r=value # MEM DIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ld r, addr 2 9 zn-- r=[addr] sto r, addr 2 8 ---- [addr]=r # MEM INDIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ldx r1, r2 1 6 zn-- r1=[r2] stox r1, r2 1 5 ---- [r2]=r1 # STACK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ push r 1 5 z--v [sp]=r, sp=sp-1 pop r 1 6 z--v sp=sp+1, r=[sp] # INC/DEC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ inc r 1 4 zn-v r=r+1 dec r 1 4 zn-v r=r-1 incm r1, r2 1 4 zn-v r1=r1+1, r2=r2+1 decm r1, r2 1 4 zn-v r1=r1-1, r2=r2-1 indec r1, r2 1 4 zn-v r1=r1+1, r2=r2-1 indec implicit 1 4 zn-v C=C-1, D=D+1, E=E+1 # ALU REG ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ add a, r 1 5 znc- a=a+r sub a, r 1 5 znc- a=a-r cmp a, r 1 5 znc- ?(a-r) and a, r 1 5 znc- a=a.AND.r or a, r 1 5 znc- a=a.OR.r xor a, r 1 5 znc- a=a.XOR.r shfl a, r 1 5 znc- a=(left-shifted r) shfr a, r 1 5 znc- a=(right-shifted r) swp a, r 1 5 znc- a=(swapped r) # ALU IMMEDIATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ adi a, value 2 8 znc- a=a+value subi a, value 2 8 znc- a=a-value cmpi a, value 2 8 znc- ?(a-value) andi a, value 2 8 znc- a=a.AND.value ori a, value 2 8 znc- a=a.OR.value xori a, value 2 8 znc- a=a.XOR.value # ALU DIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ addd a, addr 2 9 znc- a=a+[addr] subd a, addr 2 9 znc- a=a-[addr] cmpd a, addr 2 9 znc- ?(a-[addr]) andd a, addr 2 9 znc- a=a.AND.[addr] ord a, addr 2 9 znc- a=a.OR.[addr] xord a, addr 2 9 znc- a=a.XOR.[addr] shfld a, addr 2 9 znc- a=(left-shifted [addr]) shfrd a, addr 2 9 znc- a=(right-shifted [addr]) swpd a, addr 2 9 znc- a=(swapped [addr]) # ALU INDIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ addx a, r 1 6 znc- a=a+[r] subx a, r 1 6 znc- a=a-[r] cmpx a, r 1 6 znc- ?(a-[r]) andx a, r 1 6 znc- a=a.AND.[r] orx a, r 1 6 znc- a=a.OR.[r] xorx a, r 1 6 znc- a=a.XOR.[r] shflx a, r 1 6 znc- a=(left-shifted [r]) shfrx a, r 1 6 znc- a=(right-shifted [r]) swpx a, r 1 6 znc- a=(swapped [r]) # JUMP DIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jp addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr unconditional jz addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if zero jnz addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if non zero jn addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if negative jnn addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if non negative jc addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if carry jnc addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if non carry jv addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if overflow jnv addr 2 8 ---- pc=addr if non overflow # JUMP INDIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jpx r 1 5 ---- pc=r unconditional jzx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if zero jnzx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if non zero jnx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if negative jnnx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if non negative jcx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if carry jncx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if non carry jvx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if overflow jnvx r 1 5 ---- pc=r if non overflow # JUMP RELATIVE DIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jpr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset unconditional jzr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if zero jnzr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if non zero jnr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if negative jnnr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if non negative jcr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if carry jncr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if non carry jvr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if overflow jnvr offset 2 8 ---- pc=pc+offset if non overflow JUMP RELATIVE INDIRECT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jprx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r unconditional jzrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if zero jnzrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if non zero jnrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if negative jnnrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if non negative jcrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if carry jncrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if non carry jvrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if overflow jnvrx r 1 5 ---- pc=pc+r if non overflow # CALL AND RET ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ call addr 2 14 ---- [sp]=f, sp=sp-1, [sp]=pc, sp=sp-1, pc=addr callx r 1 11 ---- [sp]=f, sp=sp-1, [sp]=pc, sp=sp-1, pc=r callr offset 2 14 ---- [sp]=f, sp=sp-1, [sp]=pc, sp=sp-1, pc=pc+offset callrx r 1 11 ---- [sp]=f, sp=sp-1, [sp]=pc, sp=sp-1, pc=pc+r ret 1 11 ---- sp=sp+1, pc=[sp], sp=sp+1, f=[sp] reti 1 11 ---- sp=sp+1, pc=[sp], sp=sp+1, f=[sp], /SIE=0 # MACHINE CONTROL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mnemonic args words cycles flags descript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ hlt 1 4 ---- halt the machine clrf 1 4 zncv clear flags int vector 1 11 ---- [sp]=f, sp=sp-1, [sp]=pc, sp=sp-1, pc=[vector] ei 1 4 ---- enable hardware interrupts di 1 4 ---- disable hardware interrupts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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